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Horizontal scaling and demand signals

Horizontal scaling changes replica count or creates jobs from demand. KEDA evaluates triggers and activation; HPA or KPA controls the active replica loop. Choose a signal and workload shape before tuning polling intervals.

Signal / requirementCapability or task
Queue, stream, event source or known scheduleBuilt-in KEDA scalers
HTTP rate or concurrencyHTTP scaling and integrations
Application metricOTel scaling · General OTel tutorial
Useful historical patternPredictive scaling

Use a ScaledObject for a long-running Deployment or StatefulSet; use a ScaledJob when each unit of work runs as a Kubernetes Job. The queue’s acknowledgement, retry and visibility rules still govern delivery.

KEDA scalers supply demand signals; the controller determines active replica count. HPA and KPA ownership explains the control loops. Use Kedify Pod Autoscaler (KPA) for Kedify’s horizontal controller and Scaling Groups for a shared replica budget.

For zero-to-one activation, the signal must remain observable while workload pods are stopped. CPU/memory emitted only by those pods cannot supply that evidence. Keep one writer for target replicas and configure generated HPA/KPA behavior through the ScaledObject. Use horizontal tuning and workload diagnostics to verify demand, desired capacity, ready pods and application outcome.

Return to the horizontal scaling family for direct capability discovery.